4.4

Digestion and absorption of carbohydrates

Carbohydrates are broken down during digestion.

In the mouth, chewing and salivary amylase start the process.

In the stomach, digestion pauses but resumes in the small intestine with pancreatic amylase.

Enzymes on intestinal cells break down disaccharides into monosaccharides.

Monosaccharides like glucose are absorbed into the bloodstream and transported to the liver.

Glucose is then distributed to cells for energy, storage, and building molecules.

Insulin regulates blood glucose levels, and excess glucose can be stored as glycogen or converted into fat.

Fiber, undigested by human enzymes, aids digestion, adds bulk to the stool, and promotes bowel movements.

Understanding carbohydrate digestion guides dietary choices.

Choosing complex carbohydrates provides sustained energy.

Balancing carbs with other nutrients supports overall health.